Two cast superduplex stainless steels were aged at 850°C for different times. The effect of aging on the electrochemical behaviour and hardness of both steels has been investigated. A comparative study between the two steels was carried out considering the difference in chemical composition between the alloys, that is, the presence of copper and tungsten in the 6A steel. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott Schottky analysis. The results showed the beneficial effect of 0.99%pCu and 0.70%pW addition to the cast SDSS retarding the embrittlement of the 6A steel aged at 850°C for 10 hours. The characteristic mechanism of localized corrosion in the aged samples for both materials was the selective dissolution of the ferrite phase.

Abstract The present study is of a non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive type and aims to explain the relationship between the urban morphology of the city and the road axes that compose it, through a spatial syntax analysis implementing the Depthmax tool. Among the first results, it stands out that the road axes with the greatest connectivity are located in the north, center and southwest of the city; the road axes with greater integration and depth are located to the north; and those of greater choice in the center. Finally, it is concluded that through the spatial syntax it is feasible to analyze the possible openings of green areas; which, thanks to the spatial configuration, the main pattern of mobility of the subjects, allows modifications of pedestrianization in areas of interest.

Resumen El presente estudio es de tipo no experimental, transversal y descriptivo y tiene como objetivo explicar la relación existente entre la morfología urbana de la ciudad y los ejes viales que la componen, mediante un análisis de sintaxis espacial implementando la herramienta Depthmax. Entre los primeros resultados se destaca que los ejes viales con mayor conectividad se encuentran ubicados en el norte, centro y suroeste de la ciudad; los ejes viales con mayor integración y profundidad se localizan al norte; y los de mayor elección en el centro. Para finalizar, se concluye que mediante la sintaxis espacial es factible analizar las posibles aperturas de zonas verdes; que, gracias a la configuración espacial, la primordial pauta de movilidad de los sujetos, permite realizar modificaciones de peatonización en ámbitos de interés.

Resumen Muchos de los debates en la teología pastoral se orientan a la búsqueda y clarificación de su identidad metodológica, permitiendo, entre otras cosas, la constante investigación, profundización y actualización de sus métodos desde diversas áreas y contextos. Este artículo se suma a tal esfuerzo de búsqueda a partir de la propuesta específica de dos metodologías contemporáneas: la correlación triangular y el círculo pastoral. Estas dos metodologías de carácter inductivo, aun cuando no nacen en nuestra geografía continental, mantienen en sus componentes principales y en su dinámica interna un vínculo estrecho con la tradición teológica latinoamericana.

Abstract Many of the debates within pastoral theology are oriented towards the search and clarification of its methodological identity, allowing, among other things, to do constant research, to deepen and update its methods from various areas and contexts. This article adds to this search effort based on the specific proposal of two contemporary methodologies: the triangular correlation and the pastoral circle. These two methodologies of an inductive nature, even though not born in our continental geography, maintain a close link with the Latin American theological tradition in their main components and their internal dynamics.

RESUMO Introdução A Epicondilite é das patologias músculo-esqueléticas mais prevalentes do membro superior e um dos motivos mais frequentes de consulta por patologia não traumática do cotovelo. Afeta 1 a 3% da população, dos 30 aos 64 anos de idade, com predomínio no membro superior dominante e o principal fator de risco está associado aos múltiplos traumatismos, causados por movimentos repetitivos. Na maioria é autolimitada e controlada apenas com a toma de analgésicos, mas alguns casos são refratários aos tratamentos instituídos. A assistência médica e o tempo de absentismo laboral associado traduz elevados custos. Objetivos Caracterizar os benefícios da Mesoterapia no tratamento da Epicondilite crónica resistente. Metodologia Estudo prospetivo de série de casos, decorrido entre 2017 e 2020 numa Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS). Efetuou-se a avaliação dos participantes prévia e posteriormente ao tratamento, através da aplicação de um questionário validado (“Quick DashScore”) relativo à sua situação clínica, incapacidade para a realização de atividades de vida diárias (AVD’s) e para o trabalho. Foram aplicados tratamentos de Mesoterapia em consulta de especialidade com um Fisiatra. Para complementar, realizou-se uma pequena revisão de conceitos através da PubMed e UpToDate, selecionando artigos publicados nos últimos quinze anos. Resultados Neste estudo incluíram-se sete indivíduos (cinco mulheres; dois homens), com idades entre 37 e 55 anos (x̄ =44 anos) e com diversas atividades profissionais. Todos tinham previamente efetuado longos programas de reabilitação e foram submetidos a infiltrações cortico-anestésicas, sem benefício significativo. Dois participantes foram previamente submetidos a cirurgia, sem melhoria. Após os tratamentos de mesoterapia, a melhoria média de incapacidade global foi de 33,12% e a melhoria média da incapacidade para o trabalho foi de 18%. Todos os indivíduos apresentaram melhoria das incapacidades globais para realização de atividades de vida diárias, qualidade do sono, incapacidade associada à realização das tarefas laborais e da dor. Discussão/Conclusão Embora o estudo inclua um número reduzido de participantes, salientam-se os diversos benefícios de tratamento alcançados com a aplicação de Mesoterapia nestes casos crónicos refratários, destacando-se a melhoria da sintomatologia a curto e a longo prazo. A melhoria da capacidade e qualidade de execução das tarefas laborais também resultou na diminuição do absentismo laboral. Alerta-se para a importância e necessidade de elaboração de mais estudos científicos sobre esta técnica, devido à escassa informação existente, que permitam demonstrar o valor da Mesoterapia como procedimento útil no tratamento da Epicondilite e que possibilitem alcançar um impacto mais significativo na melhoria da qualidade de vida da população afetada.

ABSTRACT Introduction Epicondylitis is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal pathologies of the upper limb and one of the most frequent reasons for consultation for non-traumatic pathology of the elbow. It affects 1 to 3% of the population, from 30 to 64 years of age, with predominance in the dominant upper limb and the main risk factor is associated with multiple traumas produced by repetitive movements. In most cases it is self-limited and well controlled with painkillers alone, but some cases are refractory to instituted treatments. The medical assistance and associated time off work translates into high costs annually. Objectives To characterize the benefits of Mesotherapy in the treatment of chronic resistant Epicondylitis. Methodology Prospective case series study, conducted from 2017 to 2020 in a Local Health Unit. The participants were assessed before and after treatment, using a validated questionnaire ("Quick DashScore") regarding their clinical situation, inability to perform daily life activities and work inability. Mesotherapy treatments were applied in a specialty consultation with a Physiatrist. To complement this, a small review of concepts was carried out using PubMed and UpToDate, selecting articles published in the last 15 years. Results This study included seven individuals (five women; two men), aged between 37 and 55 years (x̄ =44 years) and with diverse professional activities. All had previously undergone long programs of rehabilitation and had been submitted to cortico-anesthetic infiltrations without significant benefit. Two participants had previously been operated with no improvement. After mesotherapy treatments, the mean improvement in global disability was 33.12% and the mean improvement in work disability was 18%. All individuals showed improvement in global disability for performing daily life activities, improvement in sleep quality, improvement in inability associated with performing work tasks and improvement in pain. Discussion/Conclusion Although the study includes a small number of participants, the various treatment benefits achieved with the application of Mesotherapy in these chronic refractory cases stand out, highlighting the improvement of symptomatology in the short and long term. The improvement in the capacity and quality of execution of work tasks also resulted in a decrease in work absenteeism. The importance and need for further scientific studies on this technique is emphasized, due to the limited information available, to demonstrate the value of Mesotherapy as a useful procedure in the treatment of Epicondylitis and to achieve a more significant impact on the quality of life of the affected population.

Abstract This paper analyzes the judges’ behavior in the Chilean Supreme Court regarding controversies on parole of convicted felons for crimes against humanity. Our data shows that there are two relatively stable coalitions, one that rejects probation more frequently and the other that grants it more frequently. There is also a third coalition with a rather erratic behavior in which is difficult to build an interpretation. Overall, the initial alignment in the first two coalitions is systematically consistent with the positions of the same judges in other causes of action on cases related with crimes against humanity. However, it is systematically inconsistent with the behavior of the judges in requests for parole for common crimes. This study empirically shows these trends, also discussing the possibility and limitations of interpreting them as signs of politicization.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza empíricamente el comportamiento de los jueces de la Corte Suprema en cerca de setenta solicitudes de libertad condicional por parte de personas condenadas por delitos de lesa humanidad. Los datos muestran que existen dos coaliciones relativamente estables, una que rechaza con mayor frecuencia las libertades condicionales y otra que las concede con mayor frecuencia. También existe una tercera coalición con un comportamiento mucho más errático y difícil de interpretar. En términos generales, la alineación inicial en las dos primeras coaliciones es sistemáticamente consistente con las posturas de los mismos jueces en los recursos de casación que revisan aspecto de fondo de las causas penales por delitos de lesa humanidad. Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, es sistemáticamente inconsistente con el comportamiento de los mismos jueces en solicitudes de libertad condicional por delitos comunes. El trabajo documenta empíricamente estas tendencias, discutiendo además la posibilidad de, y limitaciones para, interpretarlas como indicios de politización.

Abstract Sacroiliac subluxation is a claudiogenic disease of the hind limbs that can present acutely or chronically. The cause of this pathology is mainly due to slipping, tripping, or falling of the hind limbs, the diagnosis is difficult to make due to the deep anatomical location of the joint, methods such as ultrasound and stress tests among others, are the procedures most used in the diagnosis of sacroiliac subluxation. As it is an alteration that can easily be confused with other pathological conditions of the spine, pelvis and / or the hind limbs, the diagnosis is often made by eliminating other causes of lameness. Conventional treatments are still proposed in the literature, however regenerative therapy is increasingly used as an option for the treatment of sacroiliac joint injuries. This report describes the case of a Creole horse that suffered an acute sacroiliac subluxation on the right side, which was diagnosed with a clinical examination that included percutaneous and transrectal ultrasound and treated with ultrasound-guided infiltrations of corticosteroids and cells of the bone marrow of the sternum without processing. One month after the last therapy, the horse showed an 80% to 90% recovery and resumed controlled physical activity.

Resumen La subluxación sacroilíaca es una enfermedad claudiocógena de los miembros posteriores que se puede presentar de forma aguda o crónica. La causa de esta patología se debe principalmente a resbalones, tropezones o caídas de los miembros posteriores, el diagnóstico es difícil de realizar debido a la profunda ubicación anatómica de la articulación, métodos como la ecografía y pruebas de estrés entre otros, son los procedimientos más usados en el diagnóstico de la subluxación sacroiliaca. Por tratarse de una alteración que fácilmente puede confundirse con otras condiciones patológicas de la columna, la pelvis y/o de los miembros posteriores, el diagnóstico muchas veces se realiza por eliminación de otras causas de cojera. Los tratamientos convencionales aún se proponen en la literatura, sin embargo, cada vez como opción para el tratamiento de esta patología. El presente reporte describe el caso de un equino criollo que padeció una subluxación sacroiliaca aguda del lado derecho, la cual fue diagnosticada con un examen clínico que incluía ecografía percutánea y transrectal, y tratada con infiltraciones ecoguiadas de corticoides y aspirado de médula ósea. Un mes después de la última terapia, el caballo mostró una mejoría clínica en un 80% a 90% aproximadamente y retoma actividad física controlada.

Abstract This work presents a novel technique for estimating the prestressing forces in simply supported beams with axial prestress force. The technique is based on the use of generic finite elements for modeling the beam and experimental time-domain response to simultaneously identify axial forces and generic parameters. Parameter updating is accomplished using a Simulated Annealing algorithm implemented for the solution of the prestress force identification problem. The effectiveness of the method was assessed in numerical simulations and was further verified on an experimental prestressed concrete beam. The results show that the inclusion of generic elements allows the identification of the force to be achieved even in the presence of errors in model parameters, thus eliminating the restraints of previous approaches.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Photoacoustic (PA) techniques are useful to identify the structure and optical properties of chemical compounds used in archaeology, among others. In the present study XPS and PA techniques were used to analyze seven samples obtained from the Talavera House, during the conservation and restoration works carried out in the 2012-2013 period. Talavera House is located between the República del Salvador, Talavera and Roldán streets, in the historic center of Mexico City. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical compounds added to the lime when burned in the furnace and its use in the tanneries during the 18th century, both elements located in the second yard, as well as in the construction of the corridor in the 20th century located in the first courtyard. The samples were collected at these points and analyzed by XPS and Photoacoustic (PA) techniques, comparing these results with other excavated sites.

Biliopancreatic Diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) is the bariatric surgery that has shown the better results regarding long-term weight loss and comorbidities resolution. Nevertheless, BPD-DS’ adoption has been slow, mainly due to its nutritional complications, and technical complexity. Given this, some authors have proposed surgical variations of this effective procedure. These new procedures are based on reducing the anastomosis to only one, and doing it just a loop anastomosis (no biliopacreatic diversion). These changes might bring to us the advantages of BPD-DS, and eliminate some of its disadvantages. In this article, we show the results of these variations compared with BPD-DS, and how their promising results could be a new approach for obese population and bariatric surgery.

Resumen La derivación biliopancreática con cruce duodenal (BPD-DS) es el procedimiento bariátrico que ha mostrado los mejores resultados en cuanto a pérdida de peso y resolución de comorbilidades. Sin embargo, su adopción ha sido lenta, principalmente debido a sus complicaciones nutricionales y dificultad técnica. Dado esto, algunos autores han propuesto variaciones de este procedimiento. Estas están basadas en disminuir las anastomosis a solo una, y realizarla con un asa tipo loop (sin derivación biliopancreática). Estos cambios podrían reproducir las ventajas del BPD-DS, y eliminar algunas de sus desventajas. En este artículo, mostramos los resultados de estas variaciones comparadas con el BPD-DS, y cómo sus resultados prometedores pueden tener como consecuencia una nueva aproximación a la población que sufre de obesidad y sus comorbilidades

Abstract The work herein is about the thermal inactivation of pectin methylesterase (PME) partially purified mango when applying ohmic heating. The variables of the study were the initial electrical conductivity (0.29 to 0.48 S m-1), the applied electric field (17, 20 and 23 V/cm) and treatment temperature (30 to 72 °C). The electrical conductivity was measured in relation to the temperature of Ataulfo mango pulp had 3 ripening levels. It was found that for each ripening level a different electrical conductivity value was obtained, hence, we proceeded to study the effect of the initial electrical conductivity in the inactivation of the PME when ohmic heating is used. It was found that the inactivation of the PME has a direct dependency with the initial electrical conductivity. When the initial electrical conductivity is higher, the inactivation of the PME is also higher at a constant electric field value. On the other hand, it was found that the inactivation of the PME depends on the value of the applied electric field. With a higher applied electric field, the inactivation of the PME is higher. The D values were obtained from the kinetic inactivation of PME when the ohmic heating was applied. It is concluded that the inactivation of mango’s PME by ohmic heating depends on the applied electric field, as it has been widely reported, but it also depends on the initial conductivity.

Resumen El presente trabajo trata sobre la inactivación térmica de pectinmetilesterasa (PME) de mango parcialmente purificada aplicando calentamiento óhmico. Las variables de estudio fueron la conductividad eléctrica inicial (0.29 a 0.48 S m-1), el campo eléctrico aplicado (17, 20 y 23 V/ cm) y temperatura de tratamiento (30 a 72 ºC). Se midió la conductividad eléctrica en función de la temperatura de pulpa de mango ataúlfo con 3 niveles de maduración. Se encontró que cada estado de madurez tiene un valor diferente de conductividad, por lo tanto, se procedió a estudiar el efecto de la conductividad eléctrica inicial en la inactivación de PME por calentamiento óhmico. Se encontró que la inactivación de PME tiene una dependencia directa con la conductividad inicial. A conductividad inicial mayor también es mayor la inactivación de PME a un valor de voltaje constante. Por otro lado se encontró que la inactivación de PME depende del valor de campo eléctrico aplicado: A mayor campo eléctrico aplicado mayor es la inactivación de PME. Se reportan los valores D obtenidos de la cinética de inactivación de PME por calentamiento óhmico. Se concluye que la inactivación de PME de mango por calentamiento óhmico depende del campo eléctrico aplicado, como se ha reportado ampliamente, pero también de la conductividad inicial.

Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous population of cells, being found in a large number of different tissues. These cells produce the extracellular matrix, which is essential to preserve structural integrity of connective tissues. Fibroblasts are frequently engaged in migration and remodeling, exerting traction forces in the extracellular matrix, which is crucial for matrix deposition and wound healing. In addition, previous studies performed on primary myoblasts suggest that the E3 ligase MuRF2 might function as a cytoskeleton adaptor. Here, we hypothesized that MuRF2 also plays a functional role in skeletal muscle fibroblasts. We found that skeletal muscle fibroblasts express MuRF2 and its siRNA knock-down promoted decreased fibroblast migration, cell border accumulation of polymerized actin, and down-regulation of the phospho-Akt expression. Our results indicated that MuRF2 was necessary to maintain the actin cytoskeleton functionality in skeletal muscle fibroblasts via Akt activity and exerted an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling in the skeletal muscle tissue.